Tag Archives: machine learning

tutorial

How to fix different sampling rates in a dataset with Nkululeko

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With nkululeko since version 0.62.0 you can automatically adjust the sampling rate to the standard of 16 kHz, which is required by most models that might need to process your data.

A special module can be configured in the configuration file like this:

[RESAMPLE]
# which of the data splits to re-sample: train, test or all (both)
sample_selection = all
replace = True
target = data_resampled.csv

and then you call it like this

python -m nkululeko.resample --config my_config.ini

WARNING: if replace = True, this changes (overwrites) ALL files in the splits, directly on your hard disk. Make sure to make a safety copy of your database before, in case the results are undesired, or you still need the data in other sample rates.

The default value though, is replace = False . Then, the target value will be used as filename for the new dataframe with filenames that indicate that the sampling rate has been changed.

As stated above, only files in the test and train splits are affected. This means that you can use all filtering, e.g. limit samples per speaker to 20 samples to pre-select samples.

Allgemein, course_content, seminar

ML course: introduction

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This is a first of a series of posts to support my lecture "speech processing with machine learning".
Focus is an introduction to topics related, mainly machine learning as i teach phoneticians which already know a lot about speech.

This page is the landing page which serves as a table of contents for the posts, i will try to introduce a meaningful order for the posts, but sequential read is not required. As said, it's introductory anyway and it's very easy to find much deeper posts on the net. E.g. here's a great list with pictures

Links that are marked with (nkulu) are for posts that use Nkululeko as a hands-on exercise.

Media links

nkululeko, tutorial

How to set up wav2vec embedding for nkululeko

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Since version 0.10, nkululeko supports facebook's wav2vec 2.0 embeddings as acoustic features.
This post shows you how to set this up.

set up nkululeko

in your nkululeko configuration (*.ini) file, set the feature extractor as wav2vec2 and denote the path to the model like this:

[FEATS]
type = ['wav2vec2']
wav2vec.model = /my path to the huggingface model/

Alternatively you can state the huggingface model name directly:

[FEATS]
type = ['wav2vec2-base-960h']

Out of the box, as embeddings the last hidden layer is used. But the original wav2vec2 model consists of 7 CNN layers followed by up to 24 transformer layers. if you like to use an earlier layer than the last one, you can simply count down-

[FEATS]
type = wav2vec2
wav2vec.layer = 12

This would use the 12th layer of a 24 layer model and only the4 CNN layers of a 12 layer model.

nkululeko, tutorial

Nkululeko: perform cross database experiments

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This is one of a series of posts about how to use nkululeko.
If you're unfamilar with nkululelo, you might want to start here.

This post is about cross database experiments, i.e. training a classifier on one database and test it on another, something that happens quite often with real life situations.

In this post I will only talk about the config file, the python file can be re-used.

I'll walk you through the sections of the config file (all options here):
The first section deals with general setup:

[EXP]
# root is the base directory for the experiment relative to the python call
root = ./experiment_1/
# mainly a name for the top folder to store results (inside root)
name = cross_data

Next, the DATA section might look like this

# declare which databases to use
databases = ['emodb', 'polish']
# specify the location of the data
emodb = <path to the database>
polish = <path to the database>
# we split one database as specified
emodb.split_strategy = specified
# here is the test, the training set is disregarded
emodb.test.tables = ['emotion.categories.test.gold_standard']
# the whole of the polish database is used for train
polish.split_strategy = train
# the target label for the experiment
target = emotion
# we need to unify the labels of both databases
emodb.mapping = {'anger':'angry', 'happiness':'happy', 'sadness':'sad', 'neutral':'neutral'}
polish.mapping = {'anger':'angry', 'joy':'happy', 'sadness':'sad', 'neutral':'neutral'}
# and these are the labels we want to distinguidh
labels = ['angry', 'happy', 'neutral', 'sad']

The features section, better explained in this post

[FEATS]
type = os

The classifiers section, better explained in this post

[MODEL]
type = xgb

Again, you might want to plot the final distribution of categories per train and test set:

[PLOT]
value_counts = True
nkululeko, tutorial

Nkululeko: comparing classifiers and features

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This is one of a series of posts about how to use nkululeko.

Although Nkululeko is meant as a programming library, many experiments can be done simply by adapting the configuration file of the experiment. If you're unfamilar with nkululelo, you might want to start here.

This post is about maschine classification (as opposed to regression problems) and an introduction how to combine different features sets with different classifiers.

In this post I will only talk about the config file, the python file can be re-used.

I'll walk you through the sections of the config file (all options here):
The first section deals with general setup:

[EXP]
# root is the base directory for the experiment relative to the python call
root = ./experiment_1/
# mainly a name for the top folder to store results (inside root)
name = exp_A
# needed only for neural net classifiers
#epochs = 100
# needed only for classifiers with random initialization
# runs = 3

The DATA section deals with the data sets:

[DATA]
# list all the databases  you will be using
databases = ['emodb']
# state the path to the audformat root folder
emodb = /home/felix/data/audb/emodb
# split train and test based on different random speakers
emodb.split_strategy = speaker_split
# state the percentage of test speakers (in this case 4 speakers, as emodb only has 10 speakers)
emodb.testsplit = 40
# for a subsequent run you might want to skip the speaker selection as it requires to extract features for each run
# emodb.split_strategy = reuse # uncomment the other strategy then
# the target label that should be classified
target = emotion
# the categories for this label
labels = ['anger', 'boredom', 'disgust', 'fear', 'happiness', 'neutral', 'sadness']

The next secton deals with the features that should be used by the classifier.

[FEATS]
# the type of features to use
type = ['os']

The following altenatives are currently implemented (only os and trill are opensource):

  • type = os # opensmile features
  • type = mld # mid level descriptors, to be published
  • type = trill # TRILL features requires keras to be installed
  • type = spectra # log mel spectra, for convolutional ANNs

Next comes the MODEL section which deals with the classifier:

[MODEL]
# the main thing to sepecify is the kind of classifier:
type = xgb

Choices are:

  • type = xgb # XG-boost algorithm, based on classification trees
  • type = svm # Support Vector Machines, a classifier based on decision planes
  • type = mlp # Multi-Layer-Perceptron, needs a layer-layout to be specified, e.g. layers = {'l1':64}

And finally, the PLOT section specifies possible additional visualizations (a confusion matrix is always plotted)

[PLOT]
tsne = True

A t-SNE plot can be useful to estimate if the selected features seperate the categories at all.

nkululeko, tutorial

Setting up a base nkululeko experiment

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This is one of a series of posts on how to use nkululeko and deals with setting up the "hello world" of nkululeko: performing classification on the berlin emodb emotional datbase.

Typically nkululeko experiments are defined by two files:

  • a python file that is called by the interpreter
  • an initialization file that is interpreted by the nkululeko framework

First we'll take a look at the python file:

# my_experiment.py
# Demonstration code to use the Nkululeko framework

import sys
sys.path.append("TO BE ADAPTED/nkululeko/src")
import configparser # to read the ini file
import experiment as exp # central nkululeko class
from util import Util # mainly for logging

def main(config_file):
    # load one configuration per experiment
    config = configparser.ConfigParser()
    config.read(config_file) # read in the ini file, the experiment is defined there
    util = Util() # init the logging and global stuff

    # create a new experiment
    expr = exp.Experiment(config)
    util.debug(f'running {expr.name}')

    # load the data sets (specified in ini file)
    expr.load_datasets()

    # split into train and test sets
    expr.fill_train_and_tests()
    util.debug(f'train shape : {expr.df_train.shape}, test shape:{expr.df_test.shape}')

    # extract features
    expr.extract_feats()
    util.debug(f'train feats shape : {expr.feats_train.df.shape}, test feats shape:{expr.feats_test.df.shape}')

# initialize a run manager and run the experiment
    expr.init_runmanager()
    expr.run()
    print('DONE')

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main('PATH TO INI FILE/exp_emodb.ini') 
    # main(sys.argv[1]) # alternatively read it from command line

and this would be a minimal nkululeko configuration file (tested with version 0.8)

[EXP]
root = ./emodb/
name = exp_emodb
[DATA]
databases = ['emodb']
emodb = TO BE ADAPTED/emodb
emodb.split_strategy = speaker_split
emodb.testsplit = 40
target = emotion
labels = ['anger', 'boredom', 'disgust', 'fear', 'happiness', 'neutral', 'sadness']
[FEATS]
type = os
[MODEL]
type = svm

I hope the names of the entries are self-explanatory, here's the link to the config file description

code, tutorial

How to set up your first nkululeko project

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Nkululeko is a framework to build machine learning models that recognize speaker characteristics on a very high level of abstraction (i.e. starting without programming experience).

This post is meant to help you with setting up your first experiment, based on the Berlin Emodb.

1) Set up python

It's written in python so first you have to set up a Python environment

2) Get a database

Load the Berlin emodb database to some location on you harddrive, as discussed in this post. I will refer to the location as "emodb root" from now on.

3) Install nkululeko

Inside your virtual environment, run

pip install nkululeko

This should install nkululeko and all required modules.
It takes a long time and a lot of space, when done intially.

5) Adapt the ini file

Use your favourite editor, e.g. visual studio code and edit the file that defines your experiment. You might start with this demo sample.
You can find more templates to start here and an overview on all the options you can set here

Put the emodb root folder as the emodb value, for me this looks like this

emodb = /home/felix/data/audb/emodb

An overview on all nkululeko options should be here

6) Run the experiment

Inside a shell type (or use VSC) and start the process with

python -m nkululeko.nkululeko --config exp_emodb.ini

7) Inspect the results

If all goes well, the program should start by extracting opensmile features, and, if you're done, you should be able to inspect the results in the folder named like the experiment: exp_emodb.
There should be a subfolder with a confusion matrix named images` and a subfolder for the textual results named `results.

What to do next?

You might be interested in the hello world of nkululeko

.

code

Machine learning experiment framework

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Currently i'm working on (yet another) framework for machine learning, i.e. a python coded set of classes that can be used to run machine learning experiments in a flexible but reusable way.

I'm not sure where this is heading yet, but a first runnable version exists, if interested check it out at my github account, I'll update news there.

The general idea looks something like this: